Whether you’re chasing little ones through Hampstead Heath, browsing holiday shops in Marylebone, or catching rays through a Tesla glass roof—yes, you can burn in one—it’s time to treat SPF like a staple, not an option.
But with so many confusing terms like ‘mineral’, ‘broad-spectrum’, ‘UVA stars’, and ‘nanoparticles’, sunscreen can feel like skincare algebra. Let’s demystify it all so you can confidently protect your skin (and your family’s) this summer.
Why You Need Sunscreen – Even in London
In the UK alone, around 14,000 new melanoma cases and 147,000 non-melanoma skin cancer cases were reported in 2017. Both UVA and UVB radiation from sunlight are proven to increase your risk. Even on cloudy days or through glass, UVA rays can cause damage. Sunscreen acts like a shield—protecting against DNA damage, premature ageing, and hyperpigmentation.
Understanding UVA vs UVB
- UVA = Ageing: Deep-penetrating rays that cause pigmentation and breakdown collagen. Can pass through clouds and glass (including car roofs!).
- UVB = Burning: Responsible for sunburn and more directly linked to skin cancer.
- UVC = Doesn’t reach the Earth’s surface but is the most damaging.
You need protection from both UVA *and* UVB. Look for ‘Broad Spectrum’ on your label.
Commonly Missed Areas to Apply Sunscreen
Even the most diligent SPF users forget:
- Ears (especially the tops)
- Back of the neck
- Scalp (part lines and thinning areas)
- Around the eyes – use an eye-safe formula
- Lips – always use an SPF lip balm
- Backs of hands – especially if you’re driving
Sunscreen for Children – What Every Parent Should Know
Children’s skin is more sensitive to UV damage and absorbs more per surface area. Here’s what to use:
- Choose SPF 50+ for children, preferably mineral-based (zinc oxide or titanium dioxide)
- Apply before school or nursery – ideally 15–20 minutes before leaving
- Use hats, UV clothing and sunglasses to reduce exposure
- Avoid direct sunlight in peak hours (11am–3pm)
- Spray sunscreens should not be used directly on young children’s faces – spray onto your hands first
SPF Explained – What Those Numbers Mean
SPF refers only to UVB protection. SPF 30 means it takes 30x longer for your skin to burn compared to no sunscreen. But don’t use that number to decide how long to stay in the sun—sunscreen wears off, and it needs reapplying.
- SPF 30 blocks ~97% of UVB rays
- SPF 50 blocks ~98%
It’s a small difference that can matter—especially if you’re treating pigmentation or have fair skin.
How to Protect Against UVA
In the UK, look for the UVA logo (a circle with ‘UVA’) or star rating. Aim for 4 stars or more.
In other countries, you might see a PA+ to PA++++ system (Japan) or just ‘Broad Spectrum’ (USA).
Chemical vs Mineral Sunscreens – What’s Best?
- Chemical (organic) sunscreens absorb UV and convert it to heat. Apply 20 mins before exposure. Look for ingredients like oxybenzone or avobenzone.
- Mineral (physical) sunscreens like zinc oxide reflect and scatter UV. Gentler on sensitive skin. Work immediately. May leave a white cast on deeper skin tones.
Sunscreen Types – What Works for You
- Water-Resistant: Ideal for beach or sport days. Reapply after water.
- Sprays: Only convenient if used correctly—spray until skin is wet, then rub in.
- Sensitive Skin: Choose mineral-based formulas.
- Babies & Kids: SPF 50+, ideally mineral. Hats and rash vests help too.
How Much Should You Apply?
Most people use only half the required amount.
- Face & Neck: Half a teaspoon (2 fingers’ length)
- Arms: 1 tsp each
- Legs: 2 tsp each
- Torso front/back: 2 tsp each
Reapply every 2 hours, more if sweating or swimming.
Vitamin D & Sunscreen
Worried about blocking Vitamin D? Don’t be. Studies show sunscreen use does not significantly reduce Vitamin D synthesis when used appropriately. You’ll still get what you need from incidental exposure.
Final Tips for Urban & Holiday Skin
- Wear sunglasses with 100% UV protection
- Avoid direct sun 11am–3pm
- Keep infants out of direct sun
- Use a hat + SPF lip balm
And remember: the best sunscreen is the one you’ll use daily—liberally and consistently.
